1911年10月22日爆发的西安起义并迅速成功,在辛亥革命史上具有非常重要的意义。它使陕西成为全国响应武昌起义最早的二省之一,为我国北方各省树立了榜样,正如1935年10月出版的《陕西乡贤事略》所指出:"武昌起义,沿江虽动摇,黄河一带如故也。迨秦中于九月朔日暴发,晋、齐、新迪,相继响应,始为清廷所惮"。西安起义后,牵制着大量清军,粉碎了清王朝依靠北方、进兵南方的梦想,有力地支援了南方新生的革命政权,加速了清王朝的崩溃。
西安起义并迅速成功原因是多方面的。其首要者应是陕西同盟会革命志士的得力领导和坚持不懈地努力奋斗,高又明先生就是其中一位功绩卓著的辛亥革命志士。
1905年冬,在日本留学时由孙中山委任的同盟会陕西支部长井勿幕回到家乡陕西,创建同盟会组织,领导反清革命。当时的陕西在清王朝的残暴统治之下,风气闭塞,交通阻梗。革命党人言械则接济为艰,筹饷更呼吁无门,真可谓困难重重。但是,井勿幕不畏艰险,知难而进,足迹遍涉西安及渭北多县,点燃反清革命火种,发展同盟会员。当时年仅19岁的高又明,以救国救民为己任,信仰孙中山民族、民权、民生的革命理论,成为井勿幕亲自介绍的首批同盟会会员,是策动、组织陕西辛亥革命的重要骨干人物之一。
辛亥革命时期,又明先生的贡献是多方面的,最突出的应是为革命党人制造军火。西安起义成功,先生任军政府军械官。六十年前出版的《西北革命史征.人物纪传》中评价先生对辛亥革命的贡献时中肯地写道:"陕党人以制造军火名者,又明实首倡之"。孙中山先生为又明先生题写"博爱"大字以示嘉勉,章太炎、于右任、胡景翼等著名辛亥革命志士均有墨宝相赠,足以证明先生在辛亥革命史上的功绩。
古人有言:立德、立功、立言为人生三不朽。又明先生的事迹,本书中有详实的记述。综观先生的一生,堪称做到了三不朽,仅举数例:先生早年参加辛亥革命和北京政变,东奔西走,反抗清王朝和北洋军阀;中年与友人集资创办工厂、百货公司、影院,力图发展民族工、商、文化事业;抗日战争时期,拥护中国共产党的抗日救国主张,帮助参加抗日救亡的中共党员,捐资支持创办进步刊物,资助靖国军烈士之子完成学业,为社会培养人才;晚年在社会动荡、民不聊生的多难之秋,仍以国事为重,约陕西的老同盟会员反对内战、争取民主;先生爱好收藏,一些流失在民间的珍贵文物,因先生得以保存,中华人民共和国成立后,先生遗孀张彩珍女士先后两次向国家捐献明朝龙泉高足碗、傅山草书立轴等珍贵文物多件。这些活动,多方面体现了又明先生为救国救民,不畏艰险,舍小我而利天下的高尚情操,可谓立德、立功。先生撰写了《如是我见我知录》、《柏筱余先生纪念碑》等著述,为世人了解和研究辛亥革命时期同盟会及会党的反清活动,提供了极为珍贵的亲身经历史料,可谓立言。又明先生在其著作中,总是不忘别人的功劳,对自己的业绩,常是一笔带过,尤为难能可贵。人生在世,能做到一个不朽尚且不易,先生三者兼备,怎能不令人敬仰!
1974年,我在西安冶金机械厂子弟中学工作,教书之外,顶着政治上的压力,用了大量的业余时间,开始从事陕西辛亥革命史研究,真是艰辛备尝。由于"文化大革命"十年动乱的耽误,1978年进入大学读书时,已过而立之年。也就在这一年,由大学同系同学刘殿昌介绍,结识了又明先生哲嗣启纶、启维、启宏三兄弟。多年以来,高氏兄弟对我从事陕西辛亥革命史的研究甚为支持。我们在学问上互相切磋,相得益彰,在事业上互相鼓励,诚挚交往近三十年。
为了以先辈的业绩启迪当世,教育后辈,已经事业有成的高氏兄弟多方努力,编印《高又明先生纪念集》一书,并希望我能为之作序。愚以为此书的印成,不仅保存了史料,而且弘扬先辈精神,作为后世楷范,对社会无疑大有益处;高氏兄弟又是我多年的知交好友,玉成此事,义不容辞。所以,我满怀崇敬之情写出上述文字,同时也缅怀对社会做出多方面贡献的先辈们。
张应超
2006年4月于陕西省社会科学院
"FESTSCHRIFT OF MR GAO YOUMING"
Preface
Zhang Yingchao
The success of the Xi'an uprising on 22nd October 1911 is of great
significance to the course of the Revolution of 1911. Shaanxi
became one of the first two provinces to respond to the Wuchang
uprising, setting an example for other northern provinces. As
pointed out in "A brief Biography of Shaanxi elites",
the Yangtze River plain was shocked by the Wuchang uprising, but
the Yellow River plain remained untouched until the outbreak of
the Xi'an uprising. This uprising led other provinces, such as
Jin, Qi and Xindi to follow the example, arousing great fear in
the Qing court.
The uprising stopped a large number of Qing troops,
shattering their plans to rally in the north and then advance
southwards. It also reinforced the new revolutionary regime in
the south and sped up the collapse of the Qing dynasty.
There are many reasons for the success of the Xi'an
uprising, but the main reasons were efficient leadership and the
ceaseless struggle of the Shaanxi Revolutionary League members.
Of these, Mr Gao made remarkable contributions.
In the winter of 1905, Jin Wumu, appointed as the
secretary of the Shaanxi Revolutionary League by Sun Yat-sen while
studying in Japan, returned to Shaanxi to establish the Shaanxi
Revolutionary League and lead the anti-Qing revolution. At that
time Shaanxi was cut off from the outside and communication was
blocked because of the ruthless Qing government. The Revolutionary
party could hardly get material assistance or financial aid. Despite
these difficulties, Jin Wumu pressed ahead, travelling all over
Xi'an and many counties north of the Wei River Valley, recruiting
new members to the League and igniting the torch of the anti-Qing
revolution.
During that period, 19 year old Gao Youming saw
it as his holy mission to save the country. He was an exponent
of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's "Three Principles" (Nationalism,
Democracy and the people's Livelihood). He was introduced by Jin
Wumu to the Revolutionary League, and became one of its first
members.
During the 1911 Revolution Gao Youming made many
contributions. The most remarkable of these was making munitions
for the army. After the success of the Xi'an uprising, Gao was
appointed as ordnance officer for the military government. The
"Biography of Northwest Revolutionary Elites" apraised
Gao's contributions to the revolution: "Mr Gao Youming is
the most prominent munitions maker among party members in Shaanxi.
" Gao and other renowned participants in the revolution such
as Zhang Taiyan, Yu Youren and Hu Jingyi were commended by Dr.Sun
Yat-sen, who expressed his appreciation and encouragement by writing
"Bo Ai" (means Philanthropism). Valuable calligraphic
works were also bestowed on Gao for his great contributions. From
this it can be seen that the name "a man of high aspiration
in the Revolution of 1911" is quite suitable.
An old Chinese saying goes: "To establish virtue,
make contibutions and expound one's ideas are three immortal achievements
one can make in one's life." There are detailed and exact
descriptions of Gao Youming's achievments in the book. He achieved
all of the three immortalities in his life. For example: when
he was young he participated in the 1911 Revolution and the Beijing
coup, and strove to overthrow the Qing court and the Beiyang warlords.
In middle age he raised funds to establish factories,
department stores and cinemas in order to develop national industry,
commerce and culture. During the anti-Japanese war he supported
the communist party's proposition to repel the Japanese and save
the country. He also helped many communists. He gave donations
towards the production of progressive publications, and helped
the offspring of the martys to complete their education, thus
cultivating a new generation for society.
In his senior years, confronted with the upheavals
of society and the hardships of the people, he remained preoccupied
with affairs of state, opposing civil war and striving for democracy,
together with other senior Revolutionary League members. Gao liked
collecting and he managed to preserve some valuable long-lost
cultural relics . Since the founding of the People's republic
of China Gao Youming's wife, Zhang Caizhen, has twice donated
many rare relics to the state. Among these are the Longquan high-footed
bowl made in the Ming Dynasty and a scroll of Boshan cursive handwriting.
All of these activities embodied Gao's noble thoughts
of saving the country and the people. He was unafraid of danger
or difficulties and was prepared to sacrifice himself for the
good of the country. This is "establishing virtue" and
"making contributions".
Gao wrote "memories of what I saw and knew"
and "the monument for Bo Xiaoyu". These provided valuable
historical material, including his experiences, for the study
and research of the Revolutionary League and its activities during
the Revolution of 1911. This is "expounding ideas".
He wrote a lot about the achievments of others but few of his
own. It is not easy to make even one immortal achievment in one's
life, but Gao managed to make all three. He was a remarkable man.
In 1974 I was working in the self-established middle
school of the Xi'an metallurgy machinery factory. Besides teaching
I spent a lot of my spare time researching the history of the
Revolution of 1911 in Shaanxi, despite the political pressures
of the time which made it really painstaking. Due to the ten years
of the "cultural revolution" I did not enter university
until 1978, when I was in my thirties. In the same year, through
an introduction by my clasmate Liu Dianchang, I came in contact
with Gao Youming's sons, Gao Qilun, Gao Qiwei and Gao Qihong.
Over the years the three brothers have offered me a lot of help
in my research of the Revolution of 1911 in Shaanxi. We've been
learning from each other in scholarship and encouraging each other
in our careers. We've kept up a good relationship for over 30
years.
In order to enlighten and cultivate the contemporary
generation , and to make it possible to learn from the achievments
of our forefathers, Gao's three sons made many efforts to publish
"Mr.Gao Youming, a man of high aspiration in the Revolution
of 1911". They invited me to write the preface for the book.
In my humble opinion this book not only preserves historical material
but also reveals the spirit of our forefathers and sets a model
of virtue for younger generations. I am sure that this will be
of great benefit to society. As a close friend of the three brothers
it would have been inexcusable to decline to write with reverence
the words above in remembrance of the distinguished revolutionary
pioneers who contributed so much to our society.
Social Science Academy of Shaanxi Province Apr. 2006
《高又明先生纪念集》序英译文 高森 王珺翻译
|